Elder abuse is on the rise. Just because an adult child, who was once cherished unconditionally, may be the abuser, doesn't mean he or she should get away with it. It's up to the rest of us to pay attention to ensure he or she doesn't get away with elder-abuse.
Elder-abuse is a crime.
If you suspect elder abuse, call the National Eldercare Locator Hotline (800) 992-1600 to learn who to turn to in your area. Then you might call, Adult Protective Services in your area. They'll arrange a social worker to come out, make a report, and take things from there. Elderlaw (800) 222-1753 is a senior legal hotline, which I believe is free. You can also call your local bar association to get a recommendation for a lawyer specializing in elder abuse, should you decide to press criminal charges.
The rest of this piece explores what to look out for and actions to take if your loved ones fall victim to emotional, physical, or financial abuse.
Emotional abuse, which includes threats and withdrawal of affection and relationships, is subject to criminal prosecution.
Financial abuse, making unfair and unusual demands such as "Give me X or you won't see your grandchildren again," is a threat and punishable by law.
So is stealing. Physical abuse is clearly punishable by law.
Take and encourage action.
It's not always easy.
Victims may not want to verbalize "the shame" or deal with the hassle. After all, how many good years are left? Do they want to spend those years drudging up their abuse in the courts? It was bad enough to live through the abuse once. When abuse is at the hand of a relative, it's painful to believe that a family member could do such a thing, therefore, denial can be part of elder-abuse too.
And since the abuse usually comes at the hand of a relative, elder abuse stirs up a category 5 hurricane of mixed emotions including pain, anguish, anger and trying to understand how the abuse happened. Why? Was there anything that could've been done to prevent it? Is there anything I/we can do now? And the hurricane continues unless we stop it.
Elder abuse hit someone I know well. It came as a shock to their family.
There are bad people in this world.
You might be surprised where they come from in the family tree.
Does one ever get over the betrayal?
There are bad people in this world.
You might be surprised where they come from in the family tree.
Does one ever get over the betrayal?
In certain states, including California, physical, financial and emotional abuse, like making and carrying out threats to an elder is subject to criminal prosecution.
If you have the desire, energy, time, and means to press charges, I think our society needs more examples in the news to help prevent it from happening to others.
Because elder-abuse is on the rise, we all have a responsibility to make sure this vulnerable group in our society is watched over with kind consideration because there are a lot of people out there ready to take advantage of our parents, grandparents, uncles and aunts; people ready to do harm for personal gain.
The following information is courtesy of The National Center on Elder Abuse:
Social isolation and mental impairment (such as dementia or Alzheimer's disease) are two factors that may make an older person more vulnerable to abuse. But, in some situations, studies show that living with someone else (a caregiver or a friend) may increase the chances for abuse to occur.
Who are the abusers of older people?
Abusers of older adults are both women and men. Family members are more often the abusers than any other group. For several years, data showed that adult children were the most common abusers of family members; recent information indicates spouses are the most common perpetrators when state data concerning elders and vulnerable adults is combined. Find out more and google: A Response to the Abuse of Vulnerable Elders: The 2000 Survey of State Adult Protective Services.
Are there criminal penalties for the abusers?
Although there are variations across the country, in most states there are several laws that address criminal penalties for various types of elder abuse. Laws vary state to state. Some states have increased penalties for those who victimize older adults. Increasingly, across the country, law enforcement officers and prosecutors are trained on elder abuse and ways to use criminal and civil laws to bring abusers to justice.
Major Types of Elder Abuse
Elder abuse is a growing problem. While we don't know all of the details about why abuse occurs or how to stop its spread, we do know that help is available for victims. Concerned people, like you, can spot the warning signs of a possible problem, and make a call for help if an elder is in need of assistance.
Emotional or psychological abuse is defined as the infliction of anguish, pain, or distress through verbal or nonverbal acts. Emotional/psychological abuse includes but is not limited to verbal assaults, insults, threats, intimidation, humiliation, and harassment. In addition, treating an older person like an infant; isolating an elderly person from his/her family, friends, or regular activities; giving an older person the "silent treatment;" and enforced social isolation are examples of emotional/psychological abuse.
Signs and symptoms of emotional/psychological abuse include but are not limited to:
* being emotionally upset or agitated;
* being extremely withdrawn and non communicative or non responsive;
* unusual behavior usually attributed to dementia (e.g., sucking, biting, rocking); and
* an elder's report of being verbally or emotionally mistreated.
Neglect is defined as the refusal or failure to fulfill any part of a person's obligations or duties to an elder. Neglect may also include failure of a person who has fiduciary responsibilities to provide care for an elder (e.g., pay for necessary home care services) or the failure on the part of an in-home service provider to provide necessary care.
Neglect typically means the refusal or failure to provide an elderly person with such life necessities as food, water, clothing, shelter, personal hygiene, medicine, comfort, personal safety, and other essentials included in an implied or agreed-upon responsibility to an elder. Signs and symptoms of neglect include but are not limited to:
* dehydration, malnutrition, untreated bed sores, and poor personal hygiene;
* unattended or untreated health problems;
* hazardous or unsafe living condition/arrangements (e.g., improper wiring, no heat, or no running water);
* unsanitary and unclean living conditions (e.g. dirt, fleas, lice on person, soiled bedding, fecal/urine smell, inadequate clothing); and
* an elder's report of being mistreated.
Abandonment is defined as the desertion of an elderly person by an individual who has assumed responsibility for providing care for an elder, or by a person with physical custody of an elder.
Signs and symptoms of abandonment include but are not limited to:
* the desertion of an elder at a hospital, a nursing facility, or other similar institution;
* the desertion of an elder at a shopping center or other public location; and
* an elder's own report of being abandoned.
Financial or material exploitation is defined as the illegal or improper use of an elder's funds, property, or assets. Examples include, but are not limited to, cashing an elderly person's checks without authorization or permission; forging an older person's signature; misusing or stealing an older person's money or possessions; coercing or deceiving an older person into signing any document (e.g., contracts or will); and the improper use of conservatorship, guardianship, or power of attorney.
Signs and symptoms of financial or material exploitation include but are not limited to:
* sudden changes in bank account or banking practice, including an unexplained withdrawal of large sums of money by a person accompanying the elder;
* the inclusion of additional names on an elder's bank signature card;
* unauthorized withdrawal of the elder's funds using the elder's ATM card;
* abrupt changes in a will or other financial documents;
* unexplained disappearance of funds or valuable possessions;
* substandard care being provided or bills unpaid despite the availability of adequate financial resources;
* discovery of an elder's signature being forged for financial transactions or for the titles of his/her possessions;
* sudden appearance of previously uninvolved relatives claiming their rights to an elder's affairs and possessions;
* unexplained sudden transfer of assets to a family member or someone outside the family;
* the provision of services that are not necessary; and
* an elder's report of financial exploitation.
Self-neglect is characterized as the behavior of an elderly person that threatens his/her own health or safety. Self-neglect generally manifests itself in an older person as a refusal or failure to provide himself/herself with adequate food, water, clothing, shelter, personal hygiene, medication (when indicated), and safety precautions.
The definition of self-neglect excludes a situation in which a mentally competent older person, who understands the consequences of his/her decisions, makes a conscious and voluntary decision to engage in acts that threaten his/her health or safety as a matter of personal choice.
Signs and symptoms of self-neglect include but are not limited to:
* dehydration, malnutrition, untreated or improperly attended medical conditions, and poor personal hygiene;
* hazardous or unsafe living conditions/arrangements (e.g., improper wiring, no indoor plumbing, no heat, no running water);
* unsanitary or unclean living quarters (e.g., animal/insect infestation, no functioning toilet, fecal/urine smell);
* inappropriate and/or inadequate clothing, lack of the necessary medical aids (e.g., eyeglasses, hearing aids, dentures); and
* grossly inadequate housing or homelessness.
Physical abuse is defined as the use of physical force that may result in bodily injury, physical pain, or impairment. Physical abuse may include but is not limited to such acts of violence as striking (with or without an object), hitting, beating, pushing, shoving, shaking, slapping, kicking, pinching, and burning. In addition, inappropriate use of drugs and physical restraints, force-feeding, and physical punishment of any kind also are examples of physical abuse. Signs and symptoms of physical abuse include but are not limited to:
* bruises, black eyes, welts, lacerations, and rope marks;
* bone fractures, broken bones, and skull fractures;
* open wounds, cuts, punctures, untreated injuries in various stages of healing;
* sprains, dislocations, and internal injuries/bleeding;
* broken eyeglasses/frames, physical signs of being subjected to punishment, and signs of being restrained;
* laboratory findings of medication overdose or under utilization of prescribed drugs;
* an elder's report of being hit, slapped, kicked, or mistreated;
* an elder's sudden change in behavior; and
* the caregiver's refusal to allow visitors to see an elder alone.
Sexual abuse is defined as non-consensual sexual contact of any kind with an elderly person. Sexual contact with any person incapable of giving consent is also considered sexual abuse. It includes, but is not limited to, unwanted touching, all types of sexual assault or battery, such as rape, sodomy, coerced nudity, and sexually explicit photographing.
Signs and symptoms of sexual abuse include but are not limited to:
* bruises around the breasts or genital area;
* unexplained venereal disease or genital infections;
* unexplained vaginal or anal bleeding;
* torn, stained, or bloody underclothing; and
* an elder's report of being sexually assaulted or raped.
